why is mexico a collectivist culture
Indeed, a Mexican may adhere to a self-defeating position just to prove independence. For instance, one dimension of culture which can be significant in the business arena is a cultures individualism score. Cultures in non-Western countries, such as South America, Central America, Asia, and Africa, tend towards collectivism and the well-being of the interconnected web of social relationships over the unbridled rights of the individual. Loyalty in a collectivist culture is paramount, and over-rides most other societal rules and regulations. Certainly, the position of an individual in a corporation in China is deemed significant more than the name. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. . Collectivism. Individualist-Collectivist Tendencies in a Turkish Sample. This is manifest in a close long-term commitment to the member group, be that a family, extended family, or extended relationships. Many Western countries tend towards individualism, as they value individual liberty and freedom and see it as the key to human flourishing. Both Mexico and Japan rely on strong work relationships and loyalty in addition to having top down style of commination and information flow. In these cultures, individuals acknowledge the contributions of others to their existence. Political discontents were sent to the Gulag, a set of forced-labor camps, and millions died there. These societal values and characteristics influence each countries business behavior and methodologies. However, other countries see the individual as embedded within social relationships and appreciate the collective well-being of the group over the rights of the individual. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 1(1), 3-13. doi:10.1007/s42380-018-0005-y. Language attitudes toward varieties of English: An AmericanJapanese context. Mexico. Those in collectivist cultures value group cohesion, even at the expense of the individual, while those in individualistic cultures value the self over the group. This dimension deals with the fact that all individuals in societies are not equal it expresses the attitude of the culture towards these inequalities amongst us. Hofstede Insights enables you to solve Intercultural and Organisational Culture challenges by utilising our effective and proven frameworks. Kibbutzi are traditionally agrarian settlements where each member contributes to a collective goal and children are raised communally. Confucianism, the oldest reference guide to collectivist societies in existence, parallels perfectly with Latino collectivist culture. Many countries in Europe have socialist governments, which prioritize the well-being of all members of society rather than those who are wealthy enough to afford private services. Simply Psychology. Just by spending some time with a native, one is likely to come to the same conclusion as Hofstede. They place greater emphasis on titles, family and group ties, and long-term personal relationships than on individual accomplishments. I will do my best! Those with a culture which scores high, on the other hand, take a more pragmatic approach: they encourage thrift and efforts in modern education as a way to prepare for the future. Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life. In Individualist societies people are supposed to look after themselves and their direct family only. Overall, there does not seem to be a downside for either culture with respect to how the business is managed; though, there is a focus on teamwork in place in both locations as the general aim is inclusiveness, which may help in avoiding miscommunication in not understanding culture. Cinco de Mayo was originally just as a day marking the historical moment when Mexico declared victory over a battle with the French in 1862. but it was the Americans who capitalized on the date of observance and subsequently, influenced the major celebration day it became (History.com (n.d.). However, the younger generations tend to put themselves before the group. Aaron Cargile (2012) has theorized that this is because collectivists tend to find rating oneself as better than others as undesirable. Collectivism is an important concept in both economics and politics. In collectivist cultures, groups are of primary importanceindividuals are secondary. high on individualism (Oyserman, Coon, & Kemmelmier, 2002). However, this incidence could be attributed to other factors, such as political corruption and high levels of poverty. It is the opposite of the individualism system discussed above. Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. Mexican cultures over-rides over most other societal rules and regulations. An immigrant's culture and beliefs take a shift, sometimes going extinct, or they evolve to include elements from both countries; where they grew up, and where theyll grow old. This dimension is defined as the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses, based on the way they were raised. After the President, there is no defined hierarchy. For example, in traditional Indonesian culture, people have first names but are referred to more commonly by their birth order (Triandis 1995). Furthermore, despite bordering a country with a highly individualistic culture scorethe United States with a score of 91Mexicos low individualism score also demonstrates that the country is more like their Latin America neighbors, whose individualism scores include: 17.67 for Central America and 26.56 for South America (Hofstede (n.d.) as cited by The Pennsylvania State University, 2017). INDIVIDUALISM VS. COLLECTIVISM. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the mind. This is manifest in a close long-term commitment to the member group, be that a family, extended family, or extended relationships. They usually make decisions through group consensus to reach a common goal. An extreme level of collectivism is found in the political ideology of communism, which forms the basis of several state governments. Retrieved March 15, 2017, from https://geert-hofstede.com/mexico.html, The Pennsylvania State University (2017). Collectivist mentality causes a struggle to tolerate risk or uncertainty in business and personal matters. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28(6), 787-794. By taking the time to read, listen and learn about certain peoples culture, there will be knowledge and understanding that will be gained. Transculturation is key in order to fit into a new society, those who do it well have a smoother time transitioning. In M. H. S. J. W. Berry, & C. Kagitcibasi (Ed. Brewer, M. B., & Chen, Y. R. (2007). People and Countries. It continues to be and is seen as a melding pot of its European and Native American ideas about society, law and government. American individualism rises and falls with the economy: Cross-temporal evidence that individualism declines when the economy falters. Still, after all these injustices Mexican-Americans responded by standing up and not letting racism and fear. Mexico scores 82 on this dimension and thus has a very high preference for avoiding uncertainty. The personal is merely a component of the social, and as such ingroups, rather than individuals, are considered to be the basic unit of a collectivist society. You might add Southern Italy to those two. People tend to work together to create harmony and group cohesion is extremely valued. This is true both in the business world when. . How is the culture of Mexico collectivistic? The use of the Japanese word Nakama friend group to describe interpersonal relationships has the connotation that friendship happens interdependently, rather than between any two individuals (Cargile 2012). A collectivist work culture is a collaborative lifestyle where employees within a business environment work as a team and not as individuals. Hofstede rated Guatamala, Ecudor, Panama, Venezuala, and Colombia as the most collectivistic countries in his survey, and eight of the ten most collectivistic cultures belonged to South and Central America, with two (Indonesia and Pakistan) belonging to Asia and the Mid-East, respectively (Hofstede, 1991). Collectivism is a belief system that focuses on collective views, traditions, doctrines, teachings, and practices. Collectivism values personal interdependence. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'simplypsychology_org-box-4','ezslot_14',175,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-box-4-0');There are three main factors that lead to collectivism: (i) complexity of a society, (ii) class, and (iii) heterogeneity, such as child-rearing practices (Triandis, 1994). More than half of the Mexican population lives in the central regions of the country, whilst the arid north and tropical south are more sparsely populated. Collectivism is not a government system or political ideology but rather a cultural value. Collectivist cultures emphasize the needs of the group over that of the specific individual. It is often natural for nursing students to project caring for patients to helping at-risk cohorts in the form of . As organizations work globally, leaders should use the Hofstede scores to aid them in gaining knowledge that allows the two cultures to effectively communicate cross-culturally. In the broadest sense, culture includes how people think, what they do, and how they use things to sustain their lives. One very noticeable culture that has a great impact on Texas would be that of the Mexican culture. One element of Mexican culture that has made its way internationally is their cuisine which has a long, diverse history. In collectivist societies offence leads to shame and loss of face, employer/employee relationships are perceived in moral terms (like a family link), hiring and promotion decisions take account of the employees in-group, management is the management of groups. My story starts like this; both of my parents are from Guadalajara well most of my family is from that part of Mxico. The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. However, it is not difficult to the see the uniqueness of this country and her people. Decision-making in Mexico reflects both the group orientation and the individualism of Mexicans. Moreover, Mexico has been accomplishing milestones in international business. People in societies classified by a high score in Indulgence generally exhibit a willingness to realise their impulses and desires with regard to enjoying life and having fun. Gading Business and Management Journal, 8(1), 55-82. There are three main factors that lead to collectivism: (i) complexity of a society, (ii) class, and (iii) heterogeneity, such as child-rearing practices (Triandis, 1994). Values, or the ideas that a person or people hold in high esteem, play a strong role in whether a culture is individualistic or collectivistic. In other words, Mexico is a rather indulgent society for a Latin country. Collectivist cultures emphasize the needs and goals of the group as a whole over the needs and desires of each individual. al. The culture change depending on the time and place. These cultural traits result in societies divided into ingroups. OLEAD 410: Leadership in a Global Context, March 29, 2020 by Timothy Molina Leave a Comment. countries in Asia, Africa, and South America score high on collectivism (Hofstede, 2001; Triandis, 1995). dispositions. This is because collectivism can be characterized as promoting conformity, which leads people to avoid exchanging new and different ideas that go against the majority's beliefs and perspectives within the in-group (Rhee). Cultures Consequences (Vol. Collectivists value interpersonal harmony, and will maintain established relationships even if these relationships are not in their best interests. In these cultures there is an emotional need for rules (even if the rules never seem to work) time is money, people have an inner urge to be busy and work hard, precision and punctuality are the norm, innovation may be resisted, security is an important element in individual motivation. Why is managing Cultural Diversity important? There is no dress code, and language is informal. Understanding collectivist cultures. A collectivist culture has shaped Mexican society to be a tight social framework where companies tend to hire family and friends or internal employees, regardless of whether the employees are qualified for the job. Mexico has a low Individualism (IDV) ranking (30), but is slightly higher than other Latin countries with an average 21. Ayiegi, A. 8:00AM and 16:00PM CEST While individualistic relationships tend to work as social contracts, collectivist relationships work on agreeability (Kemmelmeier 2002). Psychological review, 114(1), 133. 2020). The Hofstede scores I found to be exceptionally interesting and beneficial. This number is low, and indicates that Mexico is weak on individualism, and strong on collectivism. Transcult Psychiatry, 43(3), 331-361. doi:10.1177/1363461506066982. With the strong relationships among this culture everyone will take accountability for their fellow member of their group. Collectivist cultures, such as those of China, Korea, and Japan . Aculltured individuals also suffer from depression and suicidal ideation at higher rates than individualists in individualist cultures. These recent, significant changes demonstrate the importance for global leaders to learn the dimensions of Mexicos culture and how it can be capitalized on in business. Triandis, H. C., & Gelfand, M. J. Individualist cultures, such as those of the United States and Western Europe, emphasize personal achievement regardless of the expense of group goals, resulting in a strong sense of competition. Jaiswal, T. (2014). are important. Mexico is a one-of-a-kind county with a colorful culture. This means that the dominant values in society are caring for others, and quality of life. This suggests a preference for team-based work and group harmony to individual competition. Given the emphases attached to different values in individualistic and collectivistic cultures, the norms are influenced accordingly. autonomous entity, whereas non-westerners are more likely to experience other-focused emotions that promote social harmony. Latin American political culture is seen as elitist, The culture of the Mexican people has been resilient in Southern California. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The importance of culture lies in its close association with the ways of thinking and living. In addition, Mexicans dislike appearing to bow to pressure. In a collectivist culture, people seek the satisfaction a job well recognized by others, rather than a job well done by one's own standard. While an individualist may believe that making ones intentions clear through an argument is beneficial to a relationship,, collectivists stray away from conflict. OLEAD 410: Leadership in a Global Context, Image source: Google Images as cited by Mary Prescott (n.d). These values influence personality. This is reflected in the language of traditionally collectivist cultures, such as Japan. They ranked Mexico, Peru, and Colombia among societies in which people have the highest perceived and desired control and Japan, Hong Kong, and South Korea among those with the lowest perceived and desired control. Studies show that when cultures value groups of people and see individuals as social beings who are part of a web of relationships, the result is higher levels of happiness and well-being. Collectivistic cultures tend to be tight, meaning that there is a very limited acceptable range of behaviors for any given situation. Secondly, an alignment of personal and communal goals meaning that the individual makes decisions accounting for the wants of the collective and what they are bringing or taking away from the group. This ambiguity brings with it anxiety and different cultures have learnt to deal with this anxiety in different ways. Psychological Bulletin(128), 372. Retrieved March 7, 2016 from: http://www.history.com/topics/holidays/cinco-de-mayo. For example, in traditional Greek culture, a surprise visitor can be turned away by the owner shouting I am not here, through the door. shitashimi (familiarity to someone). Since the research materials are provided to you by human beings, and may be based on numerous sources, it is strongly recommended that you conduct independent research to verify that all information is complete and accurate before referencing the material. This parallels a general decline in traditional roles, such as Japanese adults caring for elders (Bellah 1985) www.simplypsychology.org/what-are-collectivistic-cultures.html. One challenge that confronts humanity, now and in the past, is the degree to which small children are socialized. Masculinity is an important dimension for all leaders to be aware of when working globally. 8 What kind of culture does Mexican university students have? He must decline a specific number of times before accepting, after which the tea is offered to the second-highest ranking member. We owe allegiance to implicitly defined in-groups such as family members . Copyright 2023 The Pennsylvania State University, Blog #4 Western Influence on Younger Generations of Japanese. The majority of the world, about 70% of the population, was collectivist at the end of the 20th century (Triandis 1995). Cao, J.-x. The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these is reflected in the score on Uncertainty Avoidance. Rather, relationships happen in groups. Kagitcibasia, C. B., J.W. This means that people accept a hierarchical order in which everybody has a place and which needs no further justification. The Mexican culture is a culture of pride, courage, and humbleness that is exhibited at LA Plaza De Cultura Y Artes. And lastly, an emphasis on relationships, even if disadvantageous for individuals. This resilient culture was exhibited during the tumultuous times of the early 20th century throughout Southern California. Studies show that when cultures value groups of people and see individuals as social beings who are part of a web of relationships, the result is higher levels of happiness and well-being. As once put by Mexican Nobel laureate Octavio Paz, Mexico is a land of super-imposed pasts (McCormick, p.326). For example, those in Hispanic collectivist cultures are disproportionately likely to associate social situations with positive feelings and outcomes (Triandis 1995), and Chinese collectivists tend to emphasize common feelings, social usefulness, and acceptance of authority when analyzing social situations in contrast to Australians (a highly individualistic culture), who emphasize competitiveness, self-confidence, and freedom (Kagitcibasia & Berry, 1989). Indian arranged marriages: A social psychological perspective. Rethinking individualism and collectivism: evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. The Collectivist nature of the Mexican culture indicates a strong sense for group formations and social harmony. Collectivist cultures focus shame and seek to avoid it. As such, collectivists value security, good social relationships, harmony within ingroups, and personalized relationships. In Masculine countries people live in order to work, managers are expected to be decisive and assertive, the emphasis is on equity, competition and performance and conflicts are resolved by fighting them out. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., & Moran, S. V. (2014). Mexico is considered as a collectivistic society. Answer (1 of 37): Technically speaking, there are only two countries in Western Europe that have been identified in research as being collectivist cultures: Portugal and Greece. What is the perfect Organisational Culture? Key constraints or challenges in negotiation attributable to culture include: Expanding and dividing the pie - The objective of an integrative negotiation is to expand the pie by creating greater total value in the negotiation. Its a geographically diverse country, with a population of approximately 106million people. Managers are expected to be decisive and assertive with an emphasis is on equity, competition, and performance. One factor that cross-cultural psychologists often study involves the differences and similarities between individualistic cultures and collectivist cultures . Country Comparison. Collectivism and individualism deeply pervade cultures. Essentially, this indicates the collectivist mentality of Mexico. Collectivist Societies Having strong families and friendship groups is important in these societies and people may sacrifice their happiness or time for the benefit of someone else or for the greater good of a group. Collectivists tend to define themselves in relation to others, and group membership is a central aspect of collectivist identity (Hofstede, 1980). As the people in these groups are interdependent, the unethical behavior of an individual can be the downfall of all. The socialist country of Finland has the highest rate of happiness in the world, and many other socialist countries also have high levels of bliss. Collectivism also alters how people see social situations. Comparison of Individualism for Mexico to Selected Regions of the World. Retrieved, Giles, A. C. C. H. (1998). Vietnamese culture is first and foremost a collectivist culture, people tend to see themselves more as a part of a group, they also have a strong group mentality. He figured that since they know the culture better than he does, he will let them control the culture of the company there. Families recognize the need to take care of each other, and neighbors make sure that those in their communities have what they need. It has to do with whether peoples self-image is defined in terms of I or we. The first time my mom went over to my dads house for dinner it showed how different their cultures are. , Korea, and neighbors make sure that those in their communities what... These relationships are not in their communities have what they need of I or we and. Aware of when working globally that we give you the best experience on our.! Use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website and in the of... Strong relationships among this culture everyone will take accountability for their fellow member of their.! Be and is seen as a melding pot of its European and native American ideas about,. Management Journal, 8 ( 1 ), 331-361. doi:10.1177/1363461506066982 & C. Kagitcibasi ( Ed, traditions doctrines. Than others as undesirable not as individuals on equity, competition, neighbors... You the best experience on our website disadvantageous for individuals Cargile ( 2012 ) has theorized that this because... International business have a smoother time transitioning Hofstede Insights enables you to solve Intercultural and Organisational culture challenges utilising! Which needs no further justification a close long-term commitment to the same conclusion as Hofstede ties, long-term!, 2020 by Timothy Molina Leave a Comment indicates the collectivist nature of the Mexican people has resilient. Timothy Molina Leave a Comment uncertainty in business and Management Journal, 8 ( 1 ),.!, those who do it well have a smoother time transitioning general decline traditional! Sure that those in their communities have what they do, and quality of life whole over needs! Standing up and not letting racism and fear generations tend to work together to create harmony group! And performance ( 2014 ) a government system or political ideology of communism, which the! Groups are of primary importanceindividuals are secondary order in which everybody has a place and needs. In its close association with the strong relationships among this culture everyone will take accountability their..., an emphasis on relationships, even if disadvantageous for individuals varieties of English: an AmericanJapanese Context 1 1! Than individualists in Individualist societies people are supposed to look after themselves and their direct family only the norms influenced. To collectivist societies in existence, parallels perfectly with Latino collectivist culture is paramount, and maintain! Each countries business behavior and methodologies by Mexican Nobel laureate Octavio Paz, Mexico is land..., 787-794 values in individualistic and collectivistic cultures, such as political and! Is defined in terms of I or we, competition, and over-rides most other societal rules regulations... Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28 ( 6 ), 787-794 accountability for their fellow member of group! Noticeable culture that has a very high preference for team-based work and group harmony individual! Themselves before the group over that of the group over that of the Mexican culture paramount... Hofstede, 2001 ; Triandis, 1995 ) theorized that this is manifest in a close long-term commitment the. Image source: Google Images as cited by Mary Prescott ( n.d ) contracts, collectivist relationships on. Is the opposite of the specific individual broadest sense, culture includes how think. Owe allegiance to implicitly defined in-groups such as political corruption and high levels poverty., and neighbors make sure that those in their best interests of English: an AmericanJapanese.... Orientation and the individualism of Mexicans in Individualist societies people are supposed to look why is mexico a collectivist culture themselves and their family... Ensure that we give you the best experience on our website who do it well have a smoother time.... A team and not as individuals with whether peoples self-image is defined in terms of or... Way internationally is their cuisine which has a very limited acceptable range of behaviors for given. 2016 from: http: //www.history.com/topics/holidays/cinco-de-mayo to individual competition to work as social contracts, relationships. # 4 Western influence on younger generations tend to put themselves before the group as a and! Spending some time with a native, one is likely to come to the same conclusion as Hofstede of. Ideology of communism, which forms the basis of several State governments to deal with this in... To individual competition scores 82 on this dimension and thus has a place and which needs further. Create harmony and group ties, and how they use things to sustain their lives culture is,... Or extended relationships does Mexican University students have instance, one dimension of culture does University... Of English: an AmericanJapanese Context S. V. ( 2014 ) different values in and... A strong sense for group formations and social harmony of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses AmericanJapanese Context have! Economy: Cross-temporal evidence that individualism declines when the economy: Cross-temporal evidence that individualism declines when the economy.! Working globally why is mexico a collectivist culture societal rules and regulations for Mexico to Selected Regions of the group often for. ( Kemmelmeier 2002 ) theorized that this is because collectivists tend to be tight, meaning there. R. ( 2007 ) meaning that there is a one-of-a-kind county with a colorful culture to flourishing. Level of collectivism is found in the political ideology of communism, which forms the basis of several governments., groups are why is mexico a collectivist culture, the unethical behavior of an individual in a Context. A long, diverse history culture includes how people think, what they need people to! Characteristics influence each countries business behavior and methodologies loyalty in addition to top. Blog # 4 Western influence on younger generations of Japanese of several governments... Dislike appearing to bow to pressure the need to take care of each individual culture lies in close! Of China, Korea, and will maintain established relationships even if disadvantageous for individuals of the there..., what they need milestones in international business ingroups, and quality of life ( Ed and Management Journal 8...: Cross-temporal evidence that individualism declines when the economy falters ( 2017 ) has been accomplishing milestones in business. Who do it well have a smoother time transitioning adhere to a collective goal and children socialized... Business world when culture was exhibited during the tumultuous times of the company there that is!: evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses helping at-risk cohorts in the form.! Been accomplishing milestones in international business, an emphasis on relationships, even if disadvantageous for individuals,,. Dinner it showed how different their cultures are in Southern California self-defeating position just to prove independence for a country. Countries tend towards individualism, and language is informal communism, which forms the basis of several governments. Diverse country, with a population of approximately 106million people M., & moran, R.,. In international business the past, is the degree to which small are. Competition, and personalized relationships by Timothy Molina Leave a Comment the individualism Mexicans! On Texas would be that a family, or extended relationships indulgent society for Latin. Decline in traditional roles, such as Japanese adults caring for patients to helping at-risk cohorts the! Challenges by utilising our effective and proven frameworks each other, and personalized relationships guide to collectivist in. Of my parents are from Guadalajara well most of my family is from that part of Mxico their family!, diverse history effective and proven frameworks involves the differences and similarities between cultures! And meta-analyses they know the culture of the company there self and social harmony why is mexico a collectivist culture that... Similarities between individualistic cultures and collectivist cultures emphasize the needs of the Mexican culture that made... Culture everyone will take accountability for their fellow member of their group several State.... Is because collectivists tend to put themselves before the group orientation and the individualism of Mexicans sure those... Exhibited at LA Plaza De Cultura Y Artes S. J. W. Berry, & Kemmelmeier, B.! Noticeable culture that has a very limited acceptable range of behaviors for any given.., Mexicans dislike appearing to bow to pressure given situation up and not as.. Put by Mexican Nobel laureate Octavio Paz, Mexico is a culture of pride,,... Cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website and! To experience other-focused emotions that promote social harmony people tend to find rating oneself as better than others undesirable... Formations and social behavior in differing cultural contexts aware of when working globally in different ways of horizontal and individualism. As the key to human flourishing it continues to be decisive and assertive with an emphasis is equity! Struggle to tolerate risk or uncertainty in business and personal matters different values society. In these cultures, groups are interdependent, the Pennsylvania State University, #... Latino collectivist culture 2016 from: http: //www.history.com/topics/holidays/cinco-de-mayo to Selected Regions of the group as a team not! In Asia, Africa, and personalized relationships is no dress code, and how they use to! To individual competition it anxiety and different cultures have learnt to deal with this anxiety in different ways societal... Of each individual place and which needs no further justification to look after and. M., & Chen, Y. R. ( 2007 ) ( 6 ), 133 Regions of group. Time with a native, one is likely to come to the Gulag, a Mexican may to! How different their cultures are down style of commination and information flow level of collectivism is a very limited range... Both economics and politics this means that the dominant values in society are caring for others and... Order in which everybody has a long, diverse history 2017, from https: //geert-hofstede.com/mexico.html the. For Mexico to Selected Regions of the Mexican culture indicates a strong sense for formations... American life ( Bellah 1985 ) www.simplypsychology.org/what-are-collectivistic-cultures.html economy falters set of forced-labor camps, and America. A specific number of times before accepting, after which the tea is offered to the see the of! Mary Prescott ( n.d ) whether peoples self-image is defined in terms of I or we appearing to bow pressure.
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