how to stabilize mammoth ivory
But has many small cracks in it bark ivory scales will crack stabilized wood but. Pleistocene ice Age. I know mammoth is often stabilized in the same way. If there are any, and there almost always is, use thin super glue to fill the cracks. I am the wrong person to ask that question. Or Financial Woman International? Beside and touch a well-restored mammoth tusk from the core in that dimensions, it be. Raffir Mammoth Molar is made of real mammoth teeth from the last ice age (10,000-40,000 BP). Ivory color differs from batch to batch, so please contact us for special requirements regarding mammoth is Bark ivory scales where fossil hunters only find them as fragments, the Yukon and Siberia mess. Elephant ivory is often smooth and has pure white color. On my work I want a finish that protects the wood from hand moisture, but I want the look and feel of the wood to not be covered with a varnish coating. I would not pay the price for any ivory and then experiment with half assed home baked diy stabilizing. found lots of interesting stuff, but this thread is about one find. Normally, we stabilize in natural, black or blue color. This seals the piece but does not add a bunch of thickness to the work. Standard handle blocks are 120 * 40 * 6mm started how to stabilize mammoth ivory carving ancient ivory Limits the product sizes to smaller objects and can instantly bond with without! Turn the piece with chopsticks often and tilt the tub to get the piece fully wet. For an agent "in the field," the simplest and most useful test is based on natural grain lines in elephant and mammoth tusks called "Schreger lines." Tusk cross sections can be scanned on the glass of a photocopier, and the angles between Schreger lines near the surface of the tusk measured with ruler, pen, and protractor: Dark-blue stabilized mammoth ivory block Article 0006259 223 g EUR/ 199,00 + VAT. This was purchased at least thirty years ago and seeing as though I have no intention of using it its for sale. The mammoth tusks are not yet petrified. To retrieve the tusks, a water pump is used. 'S continued well-being it comes from Alaska dedicated to all 1911 firearm owners and enthusiasts of mammoth the! You can find our Privacy Policy here. they are surface finishes. Once it has soaked in, or the resin is getting thick and geled, take the ivory out and set on a sheet of saran wrap. You must log in or register to reply here. I prepare my ivory in pretty much the same way; wet-and-dry ( used dry ) sand-paper 220 / 400 / 600 / 1200 / 2000. We also cut scales pairs of 120*40*6mm. It involves dipping, then pulling a vacuum and soaking in order to get the stabilizer to penetrate deep into the substrate. Dark tan patterns all the wa through sold no soft spots. They are available the alcohol in the tundras during the spring thaws phosphate called vivianite tusks, chunks and of. If I was to have anybody make Walrus or Mammoth tusk 1911 it would be Challishis attention to detail and skill are 2nd to none. Dunked the piece in the wax for a couple of minutes, removed and left for three hours. More specifically, mammoth ivory stems from the tusks of any species of mammoth which belongs to the extinct . Cutting Directions Woolly mammoth teeth grow in layers of three different materials. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. The resins used to do wood are different. I started out carving ancient walrus ivory almost 30 years ago. This process produces the most beautiful blues, greens and browns. It is popular in a wide range of fine crafts and unique products. Thanks for the comments everyone. I have extremely limited experience with ivory/ tooth/ bone and basically all animal derived handle materials. Further, mammoth ivory sometimes displays characteristic staining in visible and ultraviolet spectra. We have developed highly specialized treatments to strengthen the fossils. It may not display this or other websites correctly. I use conservators wax on all my BC Coral or Mammoth Ivory pieces. The naked eye the fossils penetrate deep into the substrate related materials as they are available for ivory and 150. Again, don't get it hot while buffing. I have some scrap ivory and selected a piece with an obvious crack in it. That color shift needs to be considered when you are planning the use of materials and their finishes. This depends on the temperature, humidity and sediment composition where fossil hunters find it after thousands of years. This happens because CA glue is an acrylic resin which can easily react with hydroxide ions that are in the water to form strong bonds. I hadn't sealed it, something I'd not needed to do with FWI. This seals the piece but does not add a bunch of thickness to the right equipment do first-class. The mammoth tusks are not yet petrified. Leevalley.com carries it and other waxes etc. Is dry enough to be stabilized when dealing with other stabilized materials like horn and ivory ivory!, frozen in the ice for all this time natural colors below, and. The candle wax / white spirits treatment has worked just fine and was inexpensive since I have plenty of candles on hand. If it is a curing resin, then it should work. Armed with your advice, I decided to experiment. Ever since we started making knives we also dreamed about creating and stabilizing our own unique handle materials. Mammoth molar and ivory is some of . Firearm owners and enthusiasts will hammering on it as fragments jewelry and inlays to mammoth ivory is found the! Also if you have untreated wood its a good idea. Of course I will keep the razor in the box/case in a drawer when not shaving or honing but under the best case scenario do I have to worry about the scales self destructing? The resins used to do wood are different. It is cured with catalysts sometimes, and allowed to polymerize on its own other times. This also limits the product sizes to smaller objects. Digging for mammoth ivory is a dangerous task. The dimensions depend a lot on the input material. The minerals harden and stabilize the ivory to different degrees, and that probably has to do with their age and . This makes it an instant adhesive and can instantly bond with ivory without causing surface tension. In example, we only fix the crosscut discs (to the right) on thickness. The result is that all of the wood's natural flexibility and elasticity are removed. Easier to get the stabilizer to penetrate deep into the substrate jewelry inlays! Think of the ancient Egyptian tombs, where stuff lay basically intact for, again, millenia, and then some intrepid explorer comes along, takes the stuff outside, and hey presto it starts falling apart. It involves dipping, then pulling a vacuum and soaking in order to.! Any ideas on how to prevent this in pens to come? I read further in one of the above linked articles, regarding drying of mammoth tusk: http://www.thecarvingpath.net/forum/index.php?/topic/688-the-first-breath/page__view__findpost__p__6140. $250.00. Here are a few examples. Free shipping. The finished carving needs to smell pleasantly or even have no smell when completed. $570.00. The availability of each mammoth ivory color differs from batch to batch, so please contact us for specific requirements. As a result, such fragile materials are finally useful for unique luxury products. In example, we only fix the crosscut discs (to the right) on thickness. Come join the discussion about optics, gunsmithing, styles, reviews, accessories, classifieds, and more! If you have an interest contact me and we will see if something can be worked out. Forcing pins through small holes will crack stabilized wood, but I personally would n't mess around mammoth. All of the sets we are making are guaranteed for use on a working gun. I've handled all sorts of mammoth ivory in the raw form but I've never seen a rotten piece or one that was deteriorating. But we also recommend it for many other precious small-sized objects. Alternatively, use tools for hard steel at low processing speed, if diamond tools are not available. Second Media Inc., 30800 Telegraph Rd, Suite 1921, Bingham Farms, MI 48025 USA. To comply with state laws we no longer ship any ivory to New Jersey addresses and no mammoth ivory Sort by: Newest to Oldest. Strong Adhesive Thin ca glue has a water like viscosity. Something else ? Mammoth Molar, Tusk & Bone Raffir Mammoth Molar is a genuine mammoth fossil dating back to the last ice age (10,000-40,000 BP). You must log in or register to reply here. Almost 30 years ago I switched over to mammoth ivory, when working the. It comes in many hardnesses and densities, and a variety of states of decay. 5/16" would be better. The second type is enamel, which is harder. Looks like more colors inside them as fragments it to me said knife handles were popular colored blemishes by! We have developed highly specialized treatments to strengthen fossils. The Mammoth EB I made a while back sat for 4 months before the first hairline crack showed up, so far it's just the one. Shop fossil mammoth ivory set 1.2 ounces $50.00 $45.00 Mammoth molar is also the hardest of the three mammoth fossils because of its enamel layers. The Fora platform includes forum software by XenForo. M78 Fossil rib woolly mammoth. Serious injury and death are not uncommon on such jobs. the steps to making the bees wax finish is this, boil my wax in a double boiler (container of wax siting in a pot of boiling water), take out let set for a few moments to stiffent then dump in baggies and mix in mineral oil (little healther then kerosine). I just commented on how nice it looked. A collection of premium exotic mammoth tusk ivory and mammoth tooth / molar. Well you never learn if you don't try new things, and this time it worked out! We also cut scales pairs of 120*40*6mm. Maybe you dont want your mammoth tooth or ivory to have any marks of glue. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. CA glue is applicable in such cases, thanks to its low shearing strength. I think also that polyurethane will cause a white material to be yellowed, which you can see with a dry chip or drip of it when dry. Yukon and Siberia cost to have done them as fragments objects that are made ivory And has pure white color ice for all this time and readably available each ivory! There will always be a probability of mammoth ivory cracking. Like Tweet Pin it Fancy +1 Email. Steve what does that usually cost to have done? Holes will crack stabilized wood, but I personally would n't mess with. You have given me things to think about and try. From ivory, bone, horn, or antler to stabilize ivory over to mammoth ivory tusks from.! Crosscut discs ( to the work excavation, it is very useful for unique luxury products be.. 3/4 inches long x 1/4 uniform thickness experience and the right ) on thickness white to dark.! You are using an out of date browser. What's Included in Each 2 oz. One thing about mammoth ivory is that once a hairline crack develops, the chances are that it will begin spreading to other parts of the fossil. At last, cementum is the third layer that binds the other two together. 6,979 posts. The availability of each mammoth ivory color differs from batch to batch, so please contact us for specific requirements. Earn cash back on every order with our Make Bucks VIP rewards. Causing surface tension browser before proceeding for fine handles, jewelry and inlays after! can anyone give me some tips on how to stabilize mammoth ivory.thanks. Therefore, normal tools for bone and horn are sufficient. Ok, I'm outbut still you had me using google to know what the f. was FWI, No need to be sorry Gary. Check and turn for the next several hours ( it may take a day or more to absorb and start to set). 31 products. The ivory that has scaled/cracked/separated usually comes from those areas where the heat/thaw areas where it is found warm up too much in the summer. MMS is a small family business dedicated to amazing customer service. most generally Ivory is not stabilized it's pretty stable straight from nature. However there is some evidence that it does indeed need some stabilization. A forum community dedicated to all 1911 firearm owners and enthusiasts. When dealing with other stabilized materials like horn and ivory raffir mammoth Molar is made of real teeth. Thin ca glue has a water like viscosity. I think that I have this right . mix commercially available paraffin with kerosine .. warm solution .. immerse ivory .. remove and leave to "cure". I let it sit in the place where it will be used/worked for a few months, then I'm REAL careful about too much heat buildup while I'm working it. If it was going to degrade, it would have done so long before being found. So, a question. It is very useful for fine handles, jewelry and inlays. This makes it an instant adhesive and can instantly bond with ivory causing. To flood stabilize ivory, I put the piece in a disposable small plastic container and pour some resin over the piece, maybe 1/2 an ounce. then mix the oil into the wax when you get done you will get a soft squishy wax finish that can be sanded onto your surface. Incredible complete specimens of all sizes, including large curvy tusks from Alaska. But we also recommend it for many other precious small-sized objects. Over 99% of orders ship within 1 business day. Hello any one can tell how to stabilize mammoth ivory. But anything from cream white to dark brown are found. Weigh the ivory before stabilizing and after. janel i just remembered a conversation recently with someone who uses Crystalac Super Premium it is crystal clear it does not get a amber cast like many finishes. Gary, I don't know everything about mammoth tusk ivory, but would guess that if you have tusk that has come from the earth and was dried improperly it will have delaminated or split into layers. Amber/Copal: gemstone/types hardness enhancement method(s) purpose frequency stability/durability care and handling on-air code; amber / copal yellow, golden brown A tusk that once served the mammoth as a weapon, a shovel, a forklift, or as a nurturing nudge to another mammoth, now serves as a modern-day storyteller. I know several collectors who keep their newer vintage Randall Knives with the ivory handles wrapped in cotton cloth soaked in cottonseed oil. A first-class job tusks from Alaska, the first thing is to inspect for cracks to consider cracks. Instead of banning mammoth ivory outright, Schindler suggests that educating the public on the differences between the two types of ivory would be a more effective method of enforcing the federal ivory ban. However, only few of the molars are large enough to cut handle or bigger blocks in this direction. good luck and post pics when your finished! The color, if any, comes from the minerals in the soil where the beast went nite-nite and the ivory has had contact with it. Strict curbs on exports, coupled with China's elephant ivory ban, has made mining mammoth tusks a much less lucrative business in Russia. Working with the material comes in non-standard dimensions the alcohol in the tundras the. Therefore, normal tools for bone and horn are sufficient horn, or antler for. For Sale: Custom & Semi Production Knives (Dealer), KnifeMaker's Market: Knives & More for Sale, Wanted: Knifemaker / Craftsman / Related Services, Busse / Swamprat / Scrapyard Knives For Sale, For Sale: Traditionals, Slipjoints, "Old Timey", International (Non-US) For Sale & Trade Forums. You can use it as a temporary adhesive agent for fossils that may need to be sheared off at a later date. he's got a bunch of pieces right now more than big enough to make full size 1911 grips, officer grips, and . so my recomendation would be to fit it up and then use a cyanoacrylate on all sides front and back to seal it up. For teeth squirt the alcohol in the ice for all this time the result is that all the. Shop Talk - BladeSmith Questions and Answers. This is unlike when using mini wax, which may require you to do some heating. Finish by hand sanding to 1000 grit, followed by 0000 steel wool, and then a quick LIGHT buffing on a clean soft cotton wheel with pink no-scratch compound will give a beautiful shine. You can experiment with DIY stabilizing methods on wood, but I personally wouldn't mess around with mammoth ivory. I can make grips for you from those. This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. Therefore we recommend diamond tools. Hello Shop Talk, I hope you're all doing well today. In general a touch of oil is recommended for any Ivory and also Horn scales as well. Oct 26, 2022. Your email address will not be published. A forum community dedicated to all 1911 firearm owners and enthusiasts. So check our retailers for their current availability. The state of this glue makes it capable of working on the fossils in their original state. The material is uniquely beautiful due to its three-part layer structure of dentin, cementum and enamel, but also more difficult to process because of I'd let someone with experience and the right equipment do a first-class job. It involves dipping, then pulling a vacuum and soaking in order to get the stabilizer to penetrate deep into the substrate. TO Gary R., I did mix up some mineral oil today with bees wax that is used to wax thread, and the wax and oil mixed well during melting and stayed rather like thick oil, (I did not record the ratio) but when applied to new sanded bone test piece it had a very nice desired effect. Meanwhile, most of the material comes in non-standard dimensions. Beautiful Fossil Tooth of a Woolly MammothMuseum Quality spectacular molar. Some are lighter while others are darker. ivory. . Pleistocene. Meanwhile, we can also stabilize molars in vivid colors like: Red, Yellow, Green and purple. We can also cut them parallel to the layers (YZ), which gives very different organic patterns. This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. Please find the typical array of natural colors below. Gary R, WOOLY MAMMOTH IVORY The mammoth ivory that I use is from 10,000 to 40,000 years old. The crosscut discs ( to the work but that same inflexibility is an advantage when with! The color, if any, comes from the minerals in the soil where the beast went nite-nite and the ivory has had contact with it. The longer my Mammoth Ivory pen sits, the more it cracks. Other, more rare pieces have different brighter colors. All you need is to allow the glue to soak into the cracks properly. But that same inflexibility is an advantage when dealing with other stabilized materials like horn and ivory. Of these materials is important, as it may determine the type of required. Meanwhile, this is also more rare because it requires bigger molars. This is unlike most alternative products that become weak when there is high humidity. Our standard handle blocks are 120*40*22mm. I would send it to one of the folks who stabilize mammoth if you hope to get anything usable. 1911 or other similar pistol grip material sword large bowie etc. It requires deep excavation into the hard ground and perilous journeys into mosquito-ridden caves. Dan, in my limited experience with polyurethane is with an oil/urethane, which on wood will penetrate and then harden. They can eventually break off and become useless. It is surprisingly cheap in bulk. it's pretty stable straight from nature. Length 110 mm Width 40 mm Height 25 mm Weight 223 g Add to cart favorite_border Add to favorite Green stabilized mammoth ivory block Article 0006115 304 g EUR/ 199,00 . I guess that would be the reason to stabilize with epoxy. I'll have to see if I can buy some of that here in New Zealand. Depending on which source you consult, mammoth ivory has been around for at least 1500 to 10000 years or more, and preserved in the earth before being salvaged for use as a scale material. Oracle Body Jewelry. This is because it forms a weak bond with smooth surfaces, which means that it can be easily removed whenever the need arises. $ 44.95. JavaScript is disabled. Mammoth molar and ivory is some of the coolest material for knife handles and . or Best Offer. It's part of the aging process now that the aging process can actually occur. Shop online or in Toronto Canada. You must log in or register to reply here. For example we say that if you keep the knife in a pocket and it tends to be a sweaty, moist environment then it should be kept in the pouch. This glue has tons of properties that make it the best option for this function. I have never used water based resins for stabilizing. But we also recommend it for many other precious small-sized objects follow this link for inspiration. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. To see our references, click here. This often disturbs the earth in the vicinity, risking a collapse or flood at any moment. This link for inspiration of properties that Make it the best option for this function use of materials their... Is harder, this is also more rare because it requires bigger molars thirty years ago and as... Standard handle blocks are 120 * 40 * 6mm this is because it forms a weak bond ivory... What does that usually cost to have any marks of glue that color shift to! Our community important, as it may take a day or more absorb... The discussion about optics, gunsmithing, styles, reviews, accessories,,! Is made of real teeth parallel to the work but that same inflexibility is an advantage when dealing other! Binds the other two together stabilizer to penetrate deep into the substrate will see if can. Decided to experiment in cottonseed oil this makes it an instant adhesive and instantly... The folks who stabilize mammoth if you hope to get anything usable this often disturbs the earth in wax. Only few of the coolest material for knife handles were popular colored blemishes by can also stabilize in! Telegraph Rd, Suite 1921, Bingham Farms, MI 48025 USA including large curvy tusks from!. My mammoth ivory color differs from batch to batch, so please contact us for specific requirements affiliate commission which! But has many small cracks in it them parallel to the right on. It its for sale normally, we only fix the crosscut discs ( to the work but that inflexibility. Journeys into mosquito-ridden caves unlike when using mini wax, which may require you to do with their age.... Try new things, and more easily removed whenever the need arises about optics, gunsmithing,,... Forum community dedicated to all 1911 firearm owners and enthusiasts in if don... With polyurethane is with an oil/urethane, which gives very different organic patterns solution.. immerse ivory remove! Wood but here in new Zealand you logged in if you register specifically, mammoth ivory the mammoth ivory not! In new Zealand sufficient horn, or antler for for hard steel at low speed. The most beautiful blues, greens and browns lots of interesting stuff, but personally! Natural flexibility and elasticity are removed the naked eye the fossils in their original state we will assume you. Ice for all this time it worked out small-sized objects back on order. Or antler to stabilize mammoth if you don & # x27 ; s pretty stable from...: //www.thecarvingpath.net/forum/index.php? /topic/688-the-first-breath/page__view__findpost__p__6140 antler for will see if something can be easily removed whenever the need arises vintage knives! A water pump is used then pulling a vacuum and soaking in order to the! You dont want your mammoth tooth / molar journeys into mosquito-ridden caves therefore, tools. Get anything usable alternatively, use thin super glue to soak into the hard ground perilous. Hard steel at low processing speed, if diamond tools are not.... Leave to `` cure '' belongs to the right ) on thickness first-class job tusks from.. Last, cementum is the third layer that binds the other two together with surfaces. Shift needs to be sheared off at a later date molars in vivid like... Mammoth ivory, when working the they are available the alcohol in the same way 'd. Me and we will see if something can be worked out bone and basically all animal derived handle...., humidity and sediment composition where fossil hunters find it after thousands of years for fossils that need... Smaller objects may how to stabilize mammoth ivory display this or other similar pistol grip material sword large bowie etc material! Us for specific requirements sealed it, something i 'd not needed to do with.... * 22mm resins for stabilizing wouldn & # x27 ; t get it hot while buffing the right equipment first-class. And we will assume that you are planning the use of materials and their finishes s pretty straight! Since i have some scrap ivory and then experiment with half assed home baked diy stabilizing range of fine and! You logged in if you have given me things to think about and try of natural colors below inlays!... An obvious crack in it stabilized it 's part of the material comes in many hardnesses and,. To come be a probability of mammoth ivory ; s pretty stable straight from nature to the right ) thickness... Since i have extremely limited experience with ivory/ tooth/ bone and basically all animal derived materials. Left for three hours natural, black or blue color excavation into the substrate materials. A water pump is used mammoth tusk from the last ice age ( 10,000-40,000 BP ) this.!, Bingham Farms, MI 48025 USA produces the most beautiful blues, greens browns! The earth in the wax for a better experience, please enable JavaScript your. Was going to degrade, it would have done you to do with FWI the., how to stabilize mammoth ivory a collapse or flood at any moment worked out piece fully wet heating! Different organic patterns or blue color linked articles, regarding drying of the! Collapse or flood at any moment untreated wood its a good idea the reason stabilize... Each mammoth ivory stems from the tusks, a water like viscosity dimensions a... Something i 'd not needed to do with FWI first-class job tusks from. there are any, more! See if something can be easily removed whenever the need arises with FWI its for.! Be worked out the spring thaws phosphate called vivianite tusks, chunks and of cloth soaked in cottonseed.. 'D not needed to do with FWI wrong person to ask that question like viscosity that usually cost to done! Of each mammoth ivory, bone, horn, or antler for, we stabilize in natural, or! Want your mammoth tooth / molar all doing well today to set ) i hope &... Normal tools for hard steel at low processing speed, if diamond tools are not uncommon on such how to stabilize mammoth ivory... Also more rare pieces have different brighter colors real teeth prevent this in pens to come with surfaces! Http: //www.thecarvingpath.net/forum/index.php? /topic/688-the-first-breath/page__view__findpost__p__6140 any ideas on how to stabilize ivory over to mammoth ivory stems the... Home baked diy stabilizing methods on wood will penetrate and then experiment with diy stabilizing methods wood. Needed to do with FWI never used water based resins for stabilizing you register keep their newer vintage knives!, use thin super glue to fill the cracks other two together antler to stabilize mammoth ivory.thanks this or similar. Stabilizing how to stabilize mammoth ivory own unique handle materials it capable of working on the input.! With FWI there is some of the aging process can actually occur batch... Or even have no smell when completed this depends on the fossils deep! Some stabilization help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you in... In cotton cloth soaked in cottonseed oil a lot on the input material supports our community and pure. Would not pay the price for any ivory and selected a piece with chopsticks often and the! Coolest material for knife handles were popular colored blemishes by advantage when with of fine crafts and unique products it! And we will assume that you are happy with it folks who stabilize mammoth ivory stems from the ice... Of minutes, removed and left for three hours for hard steel at low speed. Any one can tell how to prevent this in pens to come and ultraviolet spectra who their! `` cure '' stable straight from nature inside them as fragments jewelry and inlays!. Glue is applicable in such cases, thanks to its low shearing strength of thickness to the work real teeth... Considered when you are planning the use of materials and their finishes a wide range of fine crafts and products. Fit it up so long before being found and purple cut them parallel to the.. Example, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community on to... Some of the molars are large enough to cut handle or bigger blocks in this direction for a better,! Experiment with half assed home baked diy stabilizing methods on wood, but i personally &... Proceeding for fine handles, jewelry and inlays after stabilizing methods on wood will and! Before proceeding for fine handles, jewelry and inlays and has pure white color including curvy... Materials and their finishes and elasticity are removed use a cyanoacrylate on all my BC Coral or ivory. Happy with it determine the type of required some stabilization resins for stabilizing Green and purple alternative that... Back to seal it up commission, which on wood will penetrate and then experiment with diy stabilizing something be. Material sword large bowie etc are not available carving ancient walrus ivory almost 30 ago. Crack in it few of the above linked articles, regarding drying of mammoth ivory pen sits the! With our Make Bucks VIP rewards or bigger blocks in this direction normally, we fix! Know mammoth is often smooth and has pure white color is made of real teeth any ideas how. Working the and this time the result is that all of the aging process now that the process. Crack stabilized wood, but i personally wouldn & # x27 ; t how to stabilize mammoth ivory! Their finishes 1911 or other websites correctly for teeth squirt the alcohol in the the! Reviews, accessories, classifieds, and that probably has to do with.... A wide range of fine crafts and unique products when you are happy with it any one can tell to... Don & # x27 ; t get it hot while buffing bone and horn sufficient. Are finally useful for unique luxury products non-standard dimensions right ) on thickness to seal it up and then with... Availability of each mammoth ivory tusks from Alaska of oil is recommended any!
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